The harmful effects of odorous gases from breeding farms on livestock and poultry. Odorous substances can stimulate the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, thereby affecting the respiratory center and impacting livestock and poultry.

Stimulating odors can also cause changes in blood pressure and pulse, and some have strong toxicity.

The harm of foul odor to livestock and poultry is related to its concentration and duration of action. Low concentration and short-term effects generally do not have significant harm, while high concentration foul odor can have a serious impact on the health of livestock and poultry, but this situation is not common.

In actual production, the impact of odor on livestock and poultry is often a long-term low concentration effect, causing chronic poisoning, weakened physical fitness, decreased disease resistance, and decreased production performance.

It can be seen that the harm of foul odor to livestock and poultry cannot be ignored.

The odorous substances that pose a greater threat to livestock and poultry mainly include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, volatile fatty acids, etc.

1. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. In livestock and poultry houses, it is mainly produced by bacteria and enzymes decomposing feces and urine.

Often dissolved or adsorbed on damp floors, walls, and mucous membranes of livestock. Stimulating the external mucosa of livestock can cause mucosal congestion, laryngeal edema, and ammonia entering the respiratory tract, which can lead to symptoms such as cough, tracheitis, bronchitis, pulmonary edema, bleeding, difficulty breathing, and suffocation. Inhaled ammonia from the lungs can enter the bloodstream through the alveolar epithelial tissue and combine with hemoglobin to displace oxygen radicals, disrupting blood oxygen transport function and resulting in anemia and tissue hypoxia. If a small amount of ammonia is inhaled in the short term, it can be absorbed and converted into urea to be excreted from the body. High concentrations of ammonia can directly stimulate body tissues, causing tissue dissolution and necrosis, and can also cause central nervous system paralysis, toxic liver disease, myocardial injury, etc.

Studies have shown that chickens are very sensitive to ammonia, and different concentrations of ammonia can have different effects on the health of poultry. When the concentration of NH3 in the chicken house reaches 20 mg/l, the incidence rate of various common and frequently occurring diseases such as coccidiosis will suddenly increase; When the concentration reaches 50 mg/l, it can slow down the respiratory rate of chickens, cause congestion and edema of the respiratory mucosa, and even lead to bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and central nervous system paralysis. As a result, the egg production of laying hens will decrease, and the weight gain and feed utilization efficiency of chicks will decrease. When the ammonia concentration in the chicken coop exceeds 78.3 mg/kg, the egg production rate decreases by 43.1%. The content of ammonia in the chicken coop is negatively correlated with egg production rate, and it is extremely significant.

The concentration of NH3 in the pigsty has no effect on daily feed intake, but the average daily weight gain decreases with the increase of NH3 concentration, and the feed to weight ratio increases with the increase of NH3 concentration in the pigsty.

2. Hydrogen sulfide is present in livestock and poultry houses Hydrogen sulfide is mainly produced by the anaerobic degradation of sulfur-containing organic compounds in fresh feces, especially when animals consume high protein diets with low digestion and utilization rates, the amount of hydrogen sulfide is even higher.

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and flammable gas with a special rotten egg odor, and has irritant and suffocating properties. Mainly stimulating the mucosa, when hydrogen sulfide comes into contact with the water on animal mucosa Dissolve quickly And it combines with sodium ions in mucus to generate sodium sulfide, which stimulates the mucosa. Sick animals exhibit symptoms such as photophobia, tearing, coughing, rhinitis, and tracheitis. Hydrogen sulfide entering the bloodstream through the alveoli can bind with trivalent iron of oxidative cytochrome oxidase, causing the enzyme to lose activity and affecting the cellular oxidation process, leading to tissue hypoxia. Livestock and poultry that have been exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide air for a long time.

Weakening of physical constitution, decreased resistance to diseases, and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases, heart weakness, etc. And there may be autonomic nervous system disorders and multiple neuropathy. High concentrations of hydrogen sulfide can inhibit the respiratory center and directly lead to animal death.

3. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) VFA refers to a mixture composed of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc., with strong odors of butyric acid and valeric acid. Its vapor has a strong irritant and fulan flavor, which is irritating to the eyes and respiratory mucosa of livestock and poultry. It can cause animal restlessness, decreased appetite, decreased disease resistance, and is prone to respiratory diseases.

Long term exposure to high concentrations of VFA can cause vomiting in animals, and in severe cases, respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and congestion. As can be seen from the above, many farmers neglect the ventilation and air exchange in their livestock and poultry houses in order to keep them warm, resulting in high ammonia concentration in the houses. This not only triggers various diseases, but also brings difficulties to the treatment of other diseases. So how to remove odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and kill pathogenic microorganisms in the air, and prevent the occurrence of livestock and poultry diseases.

When it comes to breeding farms, many people may first think of the foul odor. The stench from pig farms poses a serious threat to people's physical and mental health, as well as the health and production performance of pig herds, and has become a prominent problem in pig farming production.

To improve the efficiency of pig farming, new products and technologies should be actively promoted and applied, and comprehensive measures should be taken to eliminate or reduce the harm of odors.